AnalectsConfucianismScholarly ReconstructionClassical ChineseShareAnalects Book XX IILegge - EnglishMoreVersion - 1 availableLeggeLanguageEnglishEspañol‹Analects Book I IAnalects Book I IIAnalects Book I IIIAnalects Book I IVAnalects Book I VAnalects Book I VIAnalects Book I VIIAnalects Book I VIIIAnalects Book I IXAnalects Book I XAnalects Book I XIAnalects Book I XIIAnalects Book I XIIIAnalects Book I XIVAnalects Book I XVAnalects Book I XVIAnalects Book II IAnalects Book II IIAnalects Book II IIIAnalects Book II IVAnalects Book II VAnalects Book II VIAnalects Book II VIIAnalects Book II VIIIAnalects Book II IXAnalects Book II XAnalects Book II XIAnalects Book II XIIAnalects Book II XIIIAnalects Book II XIVAnalects Book II XVAnalects Book II XVIAnalects Book II XVIIAnalects Book II XIXAnalects Book II XXAnalects Book II XXIAnalects Book II XXIIAnalects Book II XXIIIAnalects Book II XXIVAnalects Book III IAnalects Book III IIAnalects Book III IIIAnalects Book III IVAnalects Book III VAnalects Book III VIAnalects Book III VIIAnalects Book III VIIIAnalects Book III IXAnalects Book III XAnalects Book III XIAnalects Book III XIIAnalects Book III XIIIAnalects Book III XIVAnalects Book III XVAnalects Book III XVIAnalects Book III XVIIAnalects Book III XIXAnalects Book III XXAnalects Book III XXIAnalects Book III XXIIAnalects Book III XXXIIAnalects Book III XXIVAnalects Book III XXVAnalects Book III XXVIAnalects Book IV IAnalects Book IV IIAnalects Book IV IIIAnalects Book IV IVAnalects Book IV VAnalects Book IV VIAnalects Book IV VIIAnalects Book IV VIIIAnalects Book IV IXAnalects Book IV XAnalects Book IV XIAnalects Book IV XIIAnalects Book IV XIIIAnalects Book IV XIVAnalects Book IV XVAnalects Book IV XVIAnalects Book IV XVIIAnalects Book IV XVIIIAnalects Book IV XIXAnalects Book IV XXAnalects Book IV XXIAnalects Book IV XXIIAnalects Book IV XXIIIAnalects Book IV XXIVAnalects Book IV XXVAnalects Book IV XXVIAnalects Book V IAnalects Book V IIAnalects Book V IIIAnalects Book V IVAnalects Book V VAnalects Book V VIAnalects Book V VIIAnalects Book V VIIIAnalects Book V IXAnalects Book V XAnalects Book V XIAnalects Book V XIIAnalects Book V XIIIAnalects Book V XIVAnalects Book V XVAnalects Book V XVIAnalects Book V XVIIAnalects Book V XVIIIAnalects Book V XIXAnalects Book V XXAnalects Book V XXIAnalects Book V XXIIAnalects Book V XXIIIAnalects Book V XXIVAnalects Book V XXVAnalects Book V XXVIAnalects Book V XXVIIAnalects Book VI IAnalects Book VI IIAnalects Book VI IIIAnalects Book VI IVAnalects Book VI VAnalects Book VI VIAnalects Book VI VIIAnalects Book VI VIIIAnalects Book VI IXAnalects Book VI XAnalects Book VI XIAnalects Book VI XIIAnalects Book VI XIIIAnalects Book VI XIVAnalects Book VI XVAnalects Book VI XVIAnalects Book VI XVIIAnalects Book VI XVIIIAnalects Book VI XIXAnalects Book VI XXAnalects Book VI XXIAnalects Book VI XXIIAnalects Book VI XXIIIAnalects Book VI XXIVAnalects Book VI XXVAnalects Book VI XXVIAnalects Book VI XXVIIAnalects Book VI XXVIIIAnalects Book VII IAnalects Book VII IIAnalects Book VII IIIAnalects Book VII IVAnalects Book VII VAnalects Book VII VIAnalects Book VII VIIAnalects Book VII VIIIAnalects Book VII IXAnalects Book VII XAnalects Book VII XIAnalects Book VII XIIAnalects Book VII XIIIAnalects Book VII XIVAnalects Book VII XVAnalects Book VII XVIAnalects Book VII XVIIAnalects Book VII XVIIIAnalects Book VII XIXAnalects Book VII XXAnalects Book VII XXIAnalects Book VII XXIIAnalects Book VII XXIIIAnalects Book VII XXIVAnalects Book VII XXVAnalects Book VII XXVIAnalects Book VII XXVIIAnalects Book VII XXVIIIAnalects Book VII XXIXAnalects Book VII XXXAnalects Book VII XXXIAnalects Book VII XXXIIAnalects Book VII XXXIIIAnalects Book VII XXXIVAnalects Book VII XXXVAnalects Book VII XXXVIAnalects Book VII XXXVIIAnalects Book VIII IAnalects Book VIII IIAnalects Book VIII IIIAnalects Book VIII IVAnalects Book VIII VAnalects Book VIII VIAnalects Book VIII VIIAnalects Book VIII VIIIAnalects Book VIII IXAnalects Book VIII XAnalects Book VIII XIAnalects Book VIII XIIAnalects Book VIII XIIIAnalects Book VIII XIVAnalects Book VIII XVAnalects Book VIII XVIAnalects Book VIII XVIIAnalects Book VIII XVIIIAnalects Book VIII XIXAnalects Book VIII XXAnalects Book VIII XXIAnalects Book IX IAnalects Book IX IIAnalects Book IX IIIAnalects Book IX IVAnalects Book IX VAnalects Book IX VIAnalects Book IX VIIAnalects Book IX VIIIAnalects Book IX IXAnalects Book IX XAnalects Book IX XIAnalects Book IX XIIAnalects Book IX XIIIAnalects Book IX XIVAnalects Book IX XVAnalects Book IX XVIAnalects Book IX XVIIAnalects Book IX XVIIIAnalects Book IX XIXAnalects Book IX XXAnalects Book IX XXIAnalects Book IX XXIIAnalects Book IX XXVAnalects Book IX XXIVAnalects Book IX XXVIAnalects Book IX XXVIIAnalects Book IX XXVIIIAnalects Book IX XXIXAnalects Book IX XXXAnalects Book X IAnalects Book X IIIAnalects Book X IVAnalects Book X VAnalects Book X VIAnalects Book X VIIAnalects Book X VIIIAnalects Book X IXAnalects Book X XAnalects Book X XIAnalects Book X XIIAnalects Book X XIIIAnalects Book X XIVAnalects Book X XVAnalects Book X XVIAnalects Book X XVIIAnalects Book X XVIIIAnalects Book XI IAnalects Book XI IIAnalects Book XI IIIAnalects Book XI IVAnalects Book XI VAnalects Book XI VIAnalects Book XI VIIAnalects Book XI VIIIAnalects Book XI IXAnalects Book XI XAnalects Book XI XIAnalects Book XI XIIAnalects Book XI XIIIAnalects Book XI XIVAnalects Book XI XVAnalects Book XI XVIAnalects Book XI XVIIAnalects Book XI XVIIIAnalects Book XI XIXAnalects Book XI XXAnalects Book XI XXIAnalects Book XI XXIIAnalects Book XI XXIIIAnalects Book XI XXIVAnalects Book XI XXVAnalects Book XII IAnalects Book XII IIAnalects Book XII IIIAnalects Book XII IVAnalects Book XII VAnalects Book XII VIAnalects Book XII VIIAnalects Book XII VIIIAnalects Book XII IXAnalects Book XII XAnalects Book XII XIAnalects Book XII XIIAnalects Book XII XIIIAnalects Book XII XIVAnalects Book XII XVAnalects Book XII XVIAnalects Book XII XVIIAnalects Book XII XVIIIAnalects Book XII XIXAnalects Book XII XXAnalects Book XII XXIAnalects Book XII XXIIAnalects Book XII XXIIIAnalects Book XII XXIVAnalects Book XIII IAnalects Book XIII IIAnalects Book XIII IIIAnalects Book XIII IVAnalects Book XIII VAnalects Book XIII VIAnalects Book XIII VIIAnalects Book XIII VIIIAnalects Book XIII IXAnalects Book XIII XAnalects Book XIII XIAnalects Book XIII XIIAnalects Book XIII XIIIAnalects Book XIII XIVAnalects Book XIII XVAnalects Book XIII XVIAnalects Book XIII XVIIAnalects Book XIII XVIIIAnalects Book XIII XIXAnalects Book XIII XXAnalects Book XIII XXIAnalects Book XIII XXIIAnalects Book XIII XXIIIAnalects Book XIII XXIVAnalects Book XIII XXVAnalects Book XIII XXVIAnalects Book XIII XXVIIAnalects Book XIII XXVIIIAnalects Book XIII XXIXAnalects Book XIII XXXAnalects Book XIV IAnalects Book XIV IIAnalects Book XIV IIIAnalects Book XIV IVAnalects Book XIV VAnalects Book XIV VIAnalects Book XIV VIIAnalects Book XIV VIIIAnalects Book XIV IXAnalects Book XIV XAnalects Book XIV XIAnalects Book XIV XIIAnalects Book XIV XIIIAnalects Book XIV XIVAnalects Book XIV XVAnalects Book XIV XVIAnalects Book XIV XVIIAnalects Book XIV XVIIIAnalects Book XIV XIXAnalects Book XIV XXAnalects Book XIV XXIAnalects Book XIV XXIIAnalects Book XIV XXIIIAnalects Book XIV XXIVAnalects Book XIV XXVAnalects Book XIV XXVIAnalects Book XIV XXVIIAnalects Book XIV XXVIIIAnalects Book XIV XXIXAnalects Book XIV XXXAnalects Book XIV XXXIAnalects Book XIV XXXIIAnalects Book XIV XXXIIIAnalects Book XIV XXXIVAnalects Book XIV XXXVAnalects Book XIV XXXVIAnalects Book XIV XXXVIIAnalects Book XIV XXXVIIIAnalects Book XIV XXXIXAnalects Book XIV XLAnalects Book XIV XLIAnalects Book XIV XLIIAnalects Book XIV XLIIIAnalects Book XIV XLIVAnalects Book XIV XLVAnalects Book XIV XLVIAnalects Book XV IAnalects Book XV IIAnalects Book XV IIIAnalects Book XV IVAnalects Book XV VAnalects Book XV VIAnalects Book XV VIIAnalects Book XV VIIIAnalects Book XV IXAnalects Book XV XAnalects Book XV XIAnalects Book XV XIIAnalects Book XV XIIIAnalects Book XV XIVAnalects Book XV XVAnalects Book XV XVIAnalects Book XV XVIIAnalects Book XV XVIIIAnalects Book XV XIXAnalects Book XV XXAnalects Book XV XXIAnalects Book XV XXIIAnalects Book XV XXIIIAnalects Book XV XXIVAnalects Book XV XXVAnalects Book XV XXVIAnalects Book XV XXVIIAnalects Book XV XXVIIIAnalects Book XV XXIXAnalects Book XV XXXAnalects Book XV XXXIAnalects Book XV XXXIIAnalects Book XV XXXIIIAnalects Book XV XXXIVAnalects Book XV XXXVAnalects Book XV XXXVIAnalects Book XV XXXVIIAnalects Book XV XXXVIIIAnalects Book XV XXXIXAnalects Book XV XLAnalects Book XV XLIAnalects Book XVI IAnalects Book XVI IIAnalects Book XVI IIIAnalects Book XVI IVAnalects Book XVI VAnalects Book XVI VIAnalects Book XVI VIIAnalects Book XVI VIIIAnalects Book XVI IXAnalects Book XVI XAnalects Book XVI XIAnalects Book XVI XIIAnalects Book XVI XIIIAnalects Book XVI XIVAnalects Book XVII IAnalects Book XVII IIAnalects Book XVII IIIAnalects Book XVII IVAnalects Book XVII VAnalects Book XVII VIAnalects Book XVII VIIAnalects Book XVII VIIIAnalects Book XVII IXAnalects Book XVII XAnalects Book XVII XIAnalects Book XVII XIIAnalects Book XVII XIIIAnalects Book XVII XIVAnalects Book XVII XVAnalects Book XVII XVIAnalects Book XVII XVIIAnalects Book XVII XVIIIAnalects Book XVII XIXAnalects Book XVII XXAnalects Book XVII XXIAnalects Book XVII XXIIAnalects Book XVII XXIIIAnalects Book XVII XXIVAnalects Book XVII XXVAnalects Book XVII XXVIAnalects Book XVIII IAnalects Book XVIII IIAnalects Book XVIII IIIAnalects Book XVIII IVAnalects Book XVIII VAnalects Book XVIII VIAnalects Book XVIII VIIAnalects Book XVIII VIIIAnalects Book XVIII IXAnalects Book XVIII XAnalects Book XVIII XIAnalects Book XIX IAnalects Book XIX IIAnalects Book XIX IIIAnalects Book XIX IVAnalects Book XIX VAnalects Book XIX VIAnalects Book XIX VIIAnalects Book XIX VIIIAnalects Book XIX IXAnalects Book XIX XAnalects Book XIX XIAnalects Book XIX XIIAnalects Book XIX XIIIAnalects Book XIX XIVAnalects Book XIX XVAnalects Book XIX XVIAnalects Book XIX XVIIAnalects Book XIX XVIIIAnalects Book XIX XIXAnalects Book XIX XXAnalects Book XIX XXIAnalects Book XIX XXIIAnalects Book XIX XXIIIAnalects Book XIX XXIVAnalects Book XIX XXVAnalects Book XX IAnalects Book XX II›Analects Book XX IIAnalects Book XX IIListenPlay this chapter in spoken English.Save chapterListen to chapter1. Tsze-chang asked Confucius, saying, 'In what way should a person in authority act in order that he may conduct government properly?' The Master replied, 'Let him honour the five excellent, and banish away the four bad, things;-- then may he conduct government properly.' Tsze- chang said, 'What are meant by the five excellent things?' The Master said, 'When the person in authority is beneficent without great expenditure; when he lays tasks on the people without their repining; when he pursues what he desires without being covetous; when he maintains a dignified ease without being proud; when he is majestic without being fierce.' 2. Tsze-chang said, 'What is meant by being beneficent without great expenditure?' The Master replied, 'When the person in authority makes more beneficial to the people the things from which they naturally derive benefit;-- is not this being beneficent without great expenditure? When he chooses the labours which are proper, and makes them labour on them, who will repine? When his desires are set on benevolent government, and he secures it, who will accuse him of covetousness? Whether he has to do with many people or few, or with things great or small, he does not dare to indicate any disrespect;-- is not this to maintain a dignified ease without any pride? He adjusts his clothes and cap, and throws a dignity into his looks, so that, thus dignified, he is looked at with awe;-- is not this to be majestic without being fierce?' 3. Tsze-chang then asked, 'What are meant by the four bad things?' The Master said, 'To put the people to death without having instructed them;-- this is called cruelty. To require from them, suddenly, the full tale of work, without having given them warning;-- this is called oppression. To issue orders as if without urgency, at first, and, when the time comes, to insist on them with severity;-- this is called injury. And, generally, in the giving pay or rewards to men, to do it in a stingy way;-- this is called acting the part of a mere official.' CHAP III. 1. The Master said, 'Without recognising the ordinances of Heaven, it is impossible to be a superior man. 2. 'Without an acquaintance with the rules of Propriety, it is impossible for the character to be established. 3. 'Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men.' ‹Previous chapterAnalects Book XX ISimilar passagesBy tradition and source labelFind similarCompare selectedCompare with similarAsk Deep ThoughtSelect passages to search for parallels.Tap any verse to select it, then compare selected passages or ask Deep Thought. Public domain in the United States via Project Gutenberg