Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of IrelandFolk Magic / White MagicLegend / Oral TraditionEnglish with Irish folklore source materialShareAncient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 511919 edition - EnglishMoreVersion - 1 available1919 editionLanguageEnglishEspañol‹Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 1Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 2Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 3Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 4Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 5Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 6Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 7Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 8Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 9Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 10Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 11Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 12Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 13Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 14Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 15Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 16Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 17Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 18Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 19Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 20Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 21Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 22Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 23Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 24Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 25Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 26Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 27Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 28Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 29Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 30Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 31Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 32Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 33Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 34Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 35Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 36Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 37Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 38Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 39Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 40Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 41Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 42Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 43Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 44Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 45Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 46Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 47Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 48Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 49Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 50Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 51Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 52Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 53Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 54Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 55Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 56Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 57Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 58Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 59Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 60Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 61Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 62Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 63Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 64Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 65Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 66Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 67Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 68Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 69Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 70Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 71Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 72Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 73Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 74Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 75Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 76Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 77Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 78Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 79Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 80Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 81Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 82Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 83Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 84Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 85Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 86Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 87Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 88Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 89Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 90Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 91Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 92Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 93Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 94Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 95Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 96Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 97Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 98Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 99Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 100Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 101Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 102Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 103Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 104Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 105Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 106Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 107Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 108Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 109Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 110Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 111Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 112Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 113Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 114Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 115Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 116Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 117Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 118Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 119Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 120Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 121Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 122Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 123Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 124Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 125Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 126Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 127Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 128Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 129Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 130Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 131Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 132Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 133Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 134Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 135Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 136Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 137Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 138Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 139Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 140Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 141Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 142Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 143Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 144Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 145Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 146Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 147Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 148Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 149Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 150Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 151Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 152Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 153Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 154Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 155Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 156Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 157Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 158Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 159Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 160Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 161Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 162Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 163Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 164Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 165Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 166Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 167Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 168Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 169Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 170Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 171Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 172Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 173Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 174Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 175Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 176Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 177Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 178Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 179Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 180Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 181Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 182Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 183Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 184Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 185Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 186Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 187Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 188Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 189Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 190Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 191Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 192Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 193Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 194Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 195Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 196Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 197Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 198Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 199Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 200Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 201Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 202Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 203Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 204Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 205Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 206Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 207Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 208Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 209Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 210Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 211Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 212Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 213Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 214Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 215Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 216Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 217Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 218Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 219Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 220Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 221Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 222Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 223Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 224Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 225Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 226Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 227Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 228Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 229Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 230Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 231Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 232Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 233Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 234›The May Festival.Ancient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 51ListenPlay this chapter in spoken English.Save chapterListen to chapter1There were four great festivals held in Ireland from the most ancient pagan times, and these four sacred seasons were February, May, Midsummer, and November. May was the most memorable and auspicious of all; then the Druids lit the Baal-Tinne, the holy, goodly fire of Baal, the Sun-god, and they drove the cattle on a path made between two fires, and singed them with the flame of a lighted torch, and sometimes they cut them to spill blood, and then burnt the blood as a sacred offering to the Sun-god. 2The great feast of Bel, or the Sun, took place on May Eve; and that of Samhain, or the Moon, on November Eve; when libations were poured out to appease the evil spirits, and also the spirits of the dead, who come out of their graves on that night to visit their ancient homes. 3The Phœnicians, it is known, adored the Supreme Being under the name of Bel-Samen, and it is remarkable that the peasants in Ireland, wishing you good luck, say in Irish, “The blessing of Bel, and the blessing of Samhain, be with you,” that is, of the sun and of the moon. 4These were the great festivals of the Druids, when all domestic fires were extinguished, in order to be re-lit by the sacred fire taken from the temples, for it was deemed sacrilege to have any fires kindled except from the holy altar flame. 5St. Patrick, however, determined to break down the power of the Druids; and, therefore, in defiance of their laws, he had a great fire lit on May Eve, when he celebrated the paschal mysteries; and henceforth Easter, or the Feast of the Resurrection, took the place of the Baal festival. 6The Baal fires were originally used for human sacrifices and burnt-offerings of the first-fruits of the cattle; but after Christianity was established the children and cattle were only passed between two fires for purification from sin, and as a safeguard against the power of the devil. 7The Persians also extinguished the domestic fires on the Baal festival, the 21st of April, and were obliged to re-light them from the temple fires, for which the priests were paid a fee in silver money. A fire kindled by rubbing two pieces of wood together was also considered lucky by the Persians; then water was boiled over the flame, and afterwards sprinkled on the people and on the cattle. The ancient Irish ritual resembles the Persian in every particular, and the Druids, no doubt, held the traditional worship exactly as brought from the East, the land of the sun and of tree worship and well worship. 8May Day, called in Irish Là-Beltaine, the day of the Baal fires, was the festival of greatest rejoicing held in Ireland. But the fairies have great power at that season, and children and cattle, and the milk and butter, must be well guarded from their influence. A spent coal must be put under the churn, and another under the cradle; and primroses must be scattered before the door, for the fairies cannot pass the flowers. Children that die in April are supposed to be carried off by the fairies, who are then always on the watch to abduct whatever is young and beautiful for their fairy homes. 9Sometimes on the 1st of May, a sacred heifer, snow white, appeared amongst the cattle; and this was considered to bring the highest good luck to the farmer. An old Irish song that alludes to the heifer, may be translated thus— 10“There is a cow on the mountain, A fair white cow; She goes East and she goes West, And my senses have gone for love of her; She goes with the sun and he forgets to burn, And the moon turns her face with love to her, My fair white cow of the mountain.” 11The fairies are in the best of humours upon May Eve, and the music of the fairy pipes may be heard all through the night, while the fairy folk are dancing upon the rath. It is then they carry off the young people to join their revels; and if a girl has once danced to the fairy music, she will move ever after with such fascinating grace, that it has passed into a proverb to say of a good dancer, “She has danced to fairy music on the hill.” 12At the great long dance held in old times on May Day, all the people held hands and danced round a great May-bush erected on a mound. The circle sometimes extended for a mile, the girls wearing garlands, and the young men carrying wands of green boughs, while the elder people sat round on the grass as spectators, and applauded the ceremony. The tallest and strongest young men in the county stood in the centre and directed the movements, while the pipers and harpers, wearing green and gold sashes, played the most spirited dance tunes. 13The oldest worship of the world was of the sun and moon, of trees, wells, and the serpent that gave wisdom. Trees were the symbol of knowledge, and the dance round the May-bush is part of the ancient ophite ritual. The Baila also, or waltz, is associated with Baal worship, where the two circling motions are combined; the revolution of the planet on its own axis, and also round the sun. 14In Italy, this ancient festival, called Calendi Maggio, is celebrated in the rural districts much in the Irish way. Dante fell in love at the great May Day festival, held in the Portinari Palace. The Sclavonic nations likewise light sacred fires, and dance round a tree hung with garlands on May Day. This reverence for the tree is one of the oldest superstitions of humanity and the most universal, and the fires are a relic of the old pagan worship paid to the Grynian Apollo—fire above all things being held sacred by the Irish as a safeguard from evil spirits. It is a saying amongst them, “Fire and salt are the two most sacred things given to man, and if you give them away on May Day, you give away your luck for the year.” Therefore no one will allow milk, or fire, or salt, to be carried away from the house on that day; and if people came in and asked for a lighted sod, they would be driven away with curses, for their purpose was evil. 15The witches, however, make great efforts to steal the milk on May morning, and if they succeed, the luck passes from the family, and the milk and butter for the whole year will belong to the fairies. The best preventative is to scatter primroses on the threshold; and the old women tie bunches of primroses to the cows’ tails, for the evil spirits cannot touch anything guarded by these flowers, if they are plucked before sunrise, not else. A piece of iron, also, made red hot, is placed upon the hearth; any old iron will do, the older the better, and branches of whitethorn and mountain ash are wreathed round the doorway for luck. The mountain ash has very great and mysterious qualities. If a branch of it be woven into the roof, that house is safe from fire for a year at least, and if a branch of it is mixed with the timber of a boat, no storm will upset it, and no man in it will be drowned for a twelvemonth certain. To save milk from witchcraft, the people on May morning cut and peel some branches of the mountain ash, and bind the twigs round the milk pails and the churn. No witch or fairy will then be able to steal the milk or butter. But all this must be done before sunrise. However, should butter be missed, follow the cow to the field, and gather the clay her hoof has touched; then, on returning home, place it under the churn with a live coal and a handful of salt, and your butter is safe from man or woman, fairy or fiend, for that year. 16There are other methods also to preserve a good supply of butter in the churn; a horse-shoe tied on it; a rusty nail from a coffin driven into the side; a cross made of the leaves of veronica placed at the bottom of the milk pail; but the mountain ash is the best of all safeguards against witchcraft and devil’s magic. Without some of these precautions the fairies will certainly overlook the churn, and the milk and butter, in consequence, will fail all through the year, and the farmer suffer great loss. Herbs gathered on May Eve have a mystical and strong virtue for curing disease; and powerful potions are made then by the skilful herb women and fairy doctors, which no sickness can resist, chiefly of the yarrow, called in Irish “the herb of seven needs” or cures, from its many and great virtues. Divination is also practised to a great extent by means of the yarrow. The girls dance round it singing— 17“Yarrow, yarrow, yarrow, I bid thee good morrow, And tell me before to-morrow Who my true love shall be.” 18The herb is then placed under the head at night, and in dreams the true lover will appear. Another mode of divination for the future fate in life is by snails. The young girls go out early before sunrise to trace the path of the snails in the clay, for always a letter is marked, and this is the initial of the true lover’s name. A black snail is very unlucky to meet first in the morning, for his trail would read death; but a white snail brings good fortune. A white lamb on the right hand is also good; but the cuckoo is ominous of evil. Of old the year began with the 1st of May, and an ancient Irish rhyme says— 19“A white lamb on my right side, So will good come to me; But not the little false cuckoo On the first day of the year.” 20Prophecies were also made from the way the wind blew on May mornings. In ’98 an old man, who was drawing near to his end and like to die, inquired from those around him— 21“Where did you leave the wind last night?” (May Eve.) 22They told him it came from the north. 23“Then,” he said, “the country is lost to the Clan Gael; our enemies will triumph. Had it been from the south, we should have had the victory; but now the Sassenach will trample us to dust.” And he fell back and died. 24Ashes are often sprinkled on the threshold on May Eve; and if the print of a foot is found in the morning, turned inward, it betokens marriage; but if turned outward, death. On May Eve the fairy music is heard on all the hills, and many beautiful tunes have been caught up in this way by the people and the native musicians. 25About a hundred years ago a celebrated tune, called Moraleana, was learnt by a piper as he traversed the hills one evening; and he played it perfectly, note by note, as he heard it from the fairy pipes; on which a voice spoke to him and said that he would be allowed to play the tune three times in his life before all the people, but never a fourth, or a doom would fall on him. However, one day he had a great contest for supremacy with another piper, and at last, to make sure of victory, he played the wonderful fairy melody; when all the people applauded and declared he had won the prize by reason of its beauty, and that no music could equal his. So they crowned him with the garland; but at that moment he turned deadly pale, the pipes dropped from his hand, and he fell lifeless to the ground. For nothing escapes the fairies; they know all things, and their vengeance is swift and sure. 26It is very dangerous to sleep out in the open air in the month of May, for the fairies are very powerful then, and on the watch to carry off the handsome girls for fairy brides, and the young mothers as nurses for the fairy babies; while the young men are selected as husbands for the beautiful fairy princesses. 27A young man died suddenly on May Eve while he was lying asleep under a hay-rick, and the parents and friends knew immediately that he had been carried off to the fairy palace in the great moat of Granard. So a renowned fairy man was sent for, who promised to have him back in nine days. Meanwhile he desired that food and drink of the best should be left daily for the young man at a certain place on the moat. This was done, and the food always disappeared, by which they knew the young man was living, and came out of the moat nightly for the provisions left for him by his people. 28Now on the ninth day a great crowd assembled to see the young man brought back from Fairyland. And in the midst stood the fairy doctor performing his incantations by means of fire and a powder which he threw into the flames that caused a dense grey smoke to arise. Then, taking off his hat, and holding a key in his hand, he called out three times in a loud voice, “Come forth, come forth, come forth!” On which a shrouded figure slowly rose up in the midst of the smoke, and a voice was heard answering, “Leave me in peace; I am happy with my fairy bride, and my parents need not weep for me, for I shall bring them good luck, and guard them from evil evermore.” 29Then the figure vanished and the smoke cleared, and the parents were content, for they believed the vision, and having loaded the fairy-man with presents, they sent him away home. ‹Previous chapterAncient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 50Next chapterAncient Legends and Mystic Charms of Ireland 52›Similar passagesBy tradition and source labelFind similarCompare selectedCompare with similarAsk Deep ThoughtSelect passages to search for parallels.Tap any verse to select it, then compare selected passages or ask Deep Thought. Public domain in the United States via Project Gutenberg