Jaina Sutras Part IJainismAccepted ScripturePrakritShareKalpa Sutra 3Hermann Jacobi / SBE vol. 22 - EnglishMoreVersion - 1 availableHermann Jacobi / SBE vol. 22LanguageEnglishEspañol‹Acharanga Sutra 1Acharanga Sutra 2Acharanga Sutra 3Acharanga Sutra 4Acharanga Sutra 5Acharanga Sutra 6Acharanga Sutra 7Acharanga Sutra 8Acharanga Sutra 9Acharanga Sutra 10Acharanga Sutra 11Acharanga Sutra 12Acharanga Sutra 13Acharanga Sutra 14Acharanga Sutra 15Acharanga Sutra 16Acharanga Sutra 17Acharanga Sutra 18Acharanga Sutra 19Acharanga Sutra 20Acharanga Sutra 21Kalpa Sutra 1Kalpa Sutra 2Kalpa Sutra 3Kalpa Sutra 4Kalpa Sutra 5›Kalpa Sutra: Life of ArishtanemiKalpa Sutra 3ListenPlay this chapter in spoken English.Save chapterListen to chapter1LIFE OF ARISH^ANEMI. In that period, in that age hved the Arhat Arish/anemi, the five most important moments of whose life happened when the moon was in conjunc- tion with the asterism A'itra. In A'itra he descended from heaven, &c. (see § 149, down tp) obtained final liberation. (170) In that period, in that age, in the fourth month of the rainy season, in the seventh fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Karttika, on its twelfth day, the Arhat Arish/anemi descended from the great Vimana, called Apara^ita, where he had lived for thirty-six Sagaropamas, here on the continent 6^amb(idvipa, in Bharatavarsha, in the town of 6'auripura\ and in the middle of the night when the moon was in conjunc- tion with the asterism A'itra, he took the form of an embryo in the womb of the queen Siva, wife of the king Samudravi^aya, &c. (the seeing of the dreams, the accumulation of riches, &c., should be repeated here). (171) In that period, in that age the Arhat Arish/a- nemi — after the lapse of nine months and seven and a half days, in the first month of the rainy season, in the second fortnight, the light (fortnight) of Sr3.v3.713., on its fifth day, &c. — (^'iva), perfectly healthy herself, gave birth to a perfectly healthy boy. (Repeat the account of the birth, substituting the name Samudra- ^ The Prakrit form is Soriyapura, which would correspond to Sanskrit 6'aurikapura. 2It is, of course, Knshwa's town. LIVES OF THE GINAS. 277 vi^aya, all down to) therefore shall the name of our boy be Arish/anemi \ The Arhat Arish/anemI, clever, &c. (see §§ 155- 157, all down to) indigent persons. (172) In the first month of the rainy season, in the second fortnight, the light (fortnight) of 6'rava;«a, on its sixth day riding in his palankin called Uttarakura, and fol- lowed on his way by a train of gods, men, and Asuras, &c. (Arish/anemi) went right through the town of Dvaravati to the park called Revatika, and proceeded to the excellent Aj-oka tree. There, &c. (see §116, down to) five handfuls. When the moon was in conjunction with the asterism ATitra, after fasting two and a half days without drinking water, he put on a divine robe, and together with a thou- sand persons he tore out his hair, and leaving the house entered the state of houselessness. (173) The Arhat Arish/anemi for fifty-four days neg- lected his body, &c. (see §§ 1 17-120). 3During the fifty-fifth day — it was in the third month of the rainy season, in the fifth fortnight, the dark fortnight of AA^vina, on its fifteenth day, in the last part of the day, when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism A'itra — (Arish/anemi) under a Ve/asa ^ tree on the summit of mount Girnar ^, after fasting three and a half days without drinking water, &c., obtained infinite, &c., highest knowledge and in- tuition called Kevala, &c. (see § 121, down to) moment. (174) ^ His mother saw in a dream a nemi, the outer rim of a wheel, which consisted of rish/a stones flying up to the sky. Hence the name Arish/anemi. " Va/a in some MSS.; it is the Banyan tree. ^ U^^inta in the original. 278 KALPA StjTRA. The Arhat Arish/anemi had eighteen Ga^^as and eighteen Ga;/adharas. (175) The Arhat Arish^anemi had an excellent commu- nity of eighteen thousand 6'rama;2as with Varadatta A at their head ; (176) forty thousand nuns with Arya Yakshi;^! at their head ; (177) one hundred and sixty- nine thousand lay votaries with Nanda at their head; (178) three hundred and thirty-six thousand^ female lay votaries with Mahasuvrata at their head; (179) four hundred sages who knew the fourteen Purvas, &c.; (180) fifteen hundred sages who were possessed of the Avadhi knowledge ; fifteen hundred Kevalins; fifteen hundred sages who could transform them- selves ; 4one thousand sages of vast intellect ; eight hundred professors ; sixteen hundred sages in their last birth ; fifteen hundred male and three thousand female disciples who had reached perfection. The Arhat Arish/anemi instituted, &c. (see § 146, down to) the former ended in the eighth generation, the latter in the twelfth year of his Kevaliship. (181) In that period, in that age the Arhat Arish/anemi lived three centuries as a prince, fifty-four days in a state inferior to perfection, something less than seven centuries as a Kevalin, full seven centuries as a 6'rama;^a, a thousand years on the whole. When his fourfold Karman was exhausted and in this Ava- sarpi;n era a great part of the Du/^shamasushama period had elapsed, in the fourth month of summer, in the eighth fortnight, the light (fortnight) of Ashad/ia., on its eighth day, in the middle of the night when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism A'itra, (Arish/anemi), after fasting a month ^ Read k/mttis^m in the printed text. LIVES OF THE GINAS. 279 without drinking water, on the summit of mount Girnar, in the company of five hundred and thirty- six monks, in a squatting position, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains. (182) Since the time that the Arhat Arish/anemi died, &c. 5(all down to) freed from all pains, eighty-four thousand years have elapsed, of the eighty-fifth millennium nine centuries have elapsed, of the tenth century this is the eightieth year. (183) End of the Life of Arish/anemi. 2 8o KALPA SUTRA. EPOCHS OF THE INTERMEDIATE TIRTHAKARAS. Since the time that the Arhat Nami died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains, 584,979 years have elapsed, this is the eightieth year^ (184) Since the death of Munisuvrata this is the year 1,184,980. Since Malli^ this is the year 6,584,980. Ara died 10,000,000 years before Malli ; Kunthu a quarter of a Palyopama before Malli; ^anti three- quarters of a Palyopama; Dharma three Sagaro- pamas before Malli; Ananta seven Sagaropamas before Malli; Vim a la sixteen Sagaropamas before Malli; Vasupiif^ya forty Sagaropamas before Malli; Sreykms^La hundred Sagaropamas before Malli. K^itala died a krore of Sagaropamas, less 42,003 years and eight and a half months, before the death of Vira. Suvidhi, surnamed Pushpadanta, died ten krores of Sagaropamas before ^itala ; A'andra- prabha a hundred krores of Sagaropamas before ^'itala ; Supar^va a thousand krores of Sagaro- pamas before vS'itala ; Padmaprabha ten thousand krores of Sagaropamas before vSitala ; Sumati one hundred thousand krores of Sagaropamas before 6'itala ; Abhinandana one million krores of Sagaro- pamas before ^'itala ; 6Sambhava two million krores of Sagaropamas before ^'itala ; A^c^ita five million krores of Sagaropamas before ^Sitala. (185-203) ^ The numbers are given in the same way as in § 183. I have abridged these tedious accounts. All Tirthakaras except Mahavira have the title Arhat, which I have dropped in the sequel. ^ Read Malli (for Mali) in the printed edition of the text. LIVES OF THE GINAS. 28 1 LIFE OF i?/SHABHA. In that period, in that age lived the Arhat iCz'shabha, the Koi'ahan ^ four important moments of whose hfe happened when the moon was in con- junction with the asterism Uttarasha^y^a; the fifth, when in conjunction with Abhi^it : (204) in Uttara- sha^y^a he descended from heaven, &c. (all down to) in Abhi^it he obtained final liberation. (205) In that period, in that age, in the fourth month of summer, in the seventh fortnight, the dark (fort- A night) of Ashad/ia., on its fourth day, the Arhat y?/shabha, the Koi'alian, descended from the great Vimana called Sarvarthasiddha, where he had lived for thirty-three Sagaropamas, here on the continent 6^ambudvipa, in Bharatavarsha, in Ikshvakubhumi, and in the middle of the night, &c., he took the form of an embryo in the womb of Marudevi, wife of the patriarch^ Nabhi. (206) The knowledge of the Arhat 7??shabha about this, &c. (all as in the case of Mahavira, but note the following differences : 7the first dream is a bull ' coming forward with his face,' the other (mothers of Tirthakaras see first) an elephant. She (Maru- devi) relates them to Nabhi, the patriarch ; there ^ Kosaliya=Kaujalika. He is thus called because he was born in Koxala or Ayodhya. ^ Kulakara; these Kulakaras were the first kings and founders of families at the time when the rest of mankind were ' Yugalins.' The first Kulakara was Vimalavahana ; the seventh and last of the line Nabhi. 282 KALPA SUTRA. are no Interpreters of dreams ; Nabhi, the patriarch, himself interprets them). (207) In that period, in that age the Arhat i*?/shabha, the Ko^aHan, — in the first month of summer, in the first fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of iTaitra, on its eighth day, &c., — (Marudevi), perfectly healthy her- self, gave birth to a perfectly healthy boy. (208) (The circumstances connected with the birth of i?2shabha are the same as in the case of that of Mahavira, only that the contents of §§ 100 and 10 1 do not apply to the present case.) (209) The Arhat ^/shabha, the Ko^alian, belonged to the Ka^yapa gotra, and he had five names : /?/sha- bha. First King, First Mendicant, First G'msi, and First Tirthakara. 8(210) The Arhat 7?/shabha, the Ko^alian, clever, with the aspirations of a clever man, of great beauty, controlling (his senses), lucky, and modest, lived two millions of former years ^ as a prince, and six mil- lions three hundred thousand former years as a king. During his reign he taught, for the benefit of the people, the seventy-two sciences, of which writing is the first, arithmetic the most important, and the knowledge of omens the last, the sixty-four accom- plishments of women, the hundred arts, and the three occupations of men 2. At last he anointed his ^ See AHrafiga Sutra I, 6, 3, § 2, note i. 2 The arts, as those of the potter, blacksmith, painter, weaver, and barber, each of which five principal arts is subdivided into twenty branches, are inventions and must be taught ; while the occu- pations, agriculture, trade, &c. have everywhere developed, as it were, of themselves. The accomplishments of women are dancing, singing, &c. The commentator adds to these a detailed list of those questionable accomplishments which Vatsyayana has so curiously described, and refers the reader to the G^ayamahgala for further details. The latter work, a still extant commentary on the LIVES OF THE GINAS. 28 J hundred sons as kings, and gave each a kingdom. Then the Laukantika god, following the established custom, &c. (see ^§ 1 10-112, down to) indigent per- sons. 9In the first month of summer, in the first fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of A^aitra, on its eighth day, in the latter part of the day, riding in his palan- kin called Sudarsana, followed on his way by a train of gods, men, and Asuras, &c. (i?/shabha) went right through the town Vinita to the park called Siddhar- tha Vana, and proceeded to the excellent tree A-Joka. There, &c. (see § 116, down to) four handfuls. When the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Ashad/id., he, after fasting two and a half days without drinking water, put on a divine robe, and together with four thousand of high, noble, royal persons, and Kshatriyas, he tore out his hair, and leaving the house entered the state of houseless- ness. (211) The Arhat i?/shabha, the Koi'alian, for one thou- sand years neglected his body, &c. (see §§ 11 7-1 20, down to) meditated upon himself for one thousand years. Thereupon — it was in the fourth month of winter, the seventh fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Phalguna, on its eleventh day, in the early part of the day, when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Asha^//a, outside of the town Purimatala, in the park called vSaka/amukha, under the excellent tree Nyagrodha — (7?/shabha) after fasting three and a half days without drinking water, being engaged in deep meditation, reached the infinite, &c. 10(see § 120, down to) highest knowledge and intuition called Kevala, &c. (see ^121, down to) moment. (212) Kama Sutra, must therefore be older than 1307, the date of Cinapra- bhamuni's commentary on the Kalpa Sutra. 284 KALPA SUTRA The Arhat i^/shabha, the Koi"aHan, had eighty- four Ga^zas and eighty-four Ga;zadharas. (2 1 3) The Arhat i?2shabha, the Koi'ahan, had an excel- lent community of eighty-four thousand ^'rama^^as with i'^/shabhasena at their head; (214) three hun- dred thousand nuns with Brahmisundari at their head; (215) three hundred and five thousand lay votaries with KS'reya;;^sa at their head; (216) five hundred and fifty-four thousand female lay votaries with Subhadra at their head ; (217) four thousand seven hundred and fifty sages who knew the fourteen Piirvas, &c. ; (218) nine thousand sages who were possessed of the Avadhi knowledge; (219) twenty thousand Kevalins ; (220) twenty thousand six hun- dred sages who could transform themselves; (221) twelve thousand six hundred and fifty sages of vast intellect, &c. ; (222) twelve thousand six hundred and fifty professors ; (223) twenty thousand male and forty thousand female disciples who had reached perfection ; (224) twenty- two thousand nine hundred sages in their last birth, &c. (225) The Arhat 7?/shabha, the Koi'alian, instituted, &c. 11(see § 146, down to) the former ended after number- less generations, the latter from the next Muhurta after his Kevaliship. (226) In that period, in that age the Arhat /?/shabha, the Koi'alian, lived two millions of former years as a prince, six millions three hundred thousand former years as a king, together eight millions three hundred thousand former years as a house- holder ; a thousand (former) years in a state inferior to perfection, nine-and-ninety thousand former years as a Kevalin, together a hundred thousand former years as a ^'rama^za, and eight LIVES OF THE GINAS. 285 millions four hundred thousand years on the whole. When his fourfold Karman was exhausted, and in this Avasarpi;a era the Sushamadu/^shama period had nearly elapsed, only three years and eight and a half months being left, in the third month of winter, in the fifth fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Magha, on its thirteenth . day, in the early part of the day w^hen the moon was in conjunction with the asterism Abhi^it, (7?2shabha), after fasting six and a half days without drinking water, on the summit of mount Ash/apada, in the company of ten thousand monks in the Samparyaiika position, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains. (227) Since the time that the Arhat ^/shabha, the Ko^alian, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains, three years and eight and a half months elapsed; 12thereupon one ko/i of ko/is of Sagaropamas, less forty-two thousand and three years and eight and a half months, elapsed. At that time the Vener- able Ascetic Mahavtra died ; after his Nirva;^a nine centuries elapsed, of the tenth century this is the eightieth year. End of the Life of ./^zshabha. End of the Lives of the 6^inas. 286 KALPA S^TRA. ‹Previous chapterKalpa Sutra 2Next chapterKalpa Sutra 4›Similar passagesBy tradition and source labelFind similarCompare selectedCompare with similarAsk Deep ThoughtSelect passages to search for parallels.Tap any verse to select it, then compare selected passages or ask Deep Thought. Public-domain 1884 English translation