Jaina Sutras Part IIJainismAccepted ScripturePrakritShareUttaradhyayana Sutra 20Hermann Jacobi / SBE vol. 45 - EnglishMoreVersion - 1 availableHermann Jacobi / SBE vol. 45LanguageEnglishEspañol‹Uttaradhyayana Sutra 1Uttaradhyayana Sutra 2Uttaradhyayana Sutra 3Uttaradhyayana Sutra 4Uttaradhyayana Sutra 5Uttaradhyayana Sutra 6Uttaradhyayana Sutra 7Uttaradhyayana Sutra 8Uttaradhyayana Sutra 9Uttaradhyayana Sutra 10Uttaradhyayana Sutra 11Uttaradhyayana Sutra 12Uttaradhyayana Sutra 13Uttaradhyayana Sutra 14Uttaradhyayana Sutra 15Uttaradhyayana Sutra 16Uttaradhyayana Sutra 17Uttaradhyayana Sutra 18Uttaradhyayana Sutra 19Uttaradhyayana Sutra 20Uttaradhyayana Sutra 21Uttaradhyayana Sutra 22Uttaradhyayana Sutra 23Uttaradhyayana Sutra 24Uttaradhyayana Sutra 25Uttaradhyayana Sutra 26Uttaradhyayana Sutra 27Uttaradhyayana Sutra 28Uttaradhyayana Sutra 29Uttaradhyayana Sutra 30Uttaradhyayana Sutra 31Uttaradhyayana Sutra 32Uttaradhyayana Sutra 33Uttaradhyayana Sutra 34Uttaradhyayana Sutra 35Uttaradhyayana Sutra 36Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.1Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.2Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.3Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.4Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.5Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.6Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.7Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.8Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.9Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.10Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.11Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.12Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.13Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.14Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.15Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.16Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.1Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.2Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.3Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.4Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.5Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.6Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.7›Uttaradhyayana Sutra: Twentieth Lecture - The Great Duty of the NirgranthasUttaradhyayana Sutra 20ListenPlay this chapter in spoken English.Save chapterListen to chapter1TWENTIETH LECTURE. THE GREAT DUTY OF THE NIRGRANTHAS. Piously adoring the perfected and the restrained saints, listen to my true instruction which (teaches the real) profit (of men), religion, and liberation^, (i ) King .Sr^wika the ruler of Magadha, who pos- sessed many precious things, once made a pleasure- excursion to the Mawflfikukshi iSfaitya (2) It was a park like Nandana^ with trees and creepers of many kinds, peopled by various birds, and full of various flowers. (3) There he saw a restrained and concentrated saint sitting below a tree, who looked delicate and accustomed to comfort. (4) When the king saw his figure, his astonishment at that ascetic’s figure was very great and un- equalled. (5) ‘ O his colour, O his figure, O the loveliness of the noble man, O his tranquillity, O his perfection, O his disregard for pleasures!’ (6) ^ Atthadhammagaim = arthadharmagati. I think this equal to artha dharma mdksha, though the commentators offer a different explanation by making gati mean ^«Sna. The phrase is derived from the typical expression kdmarthadharmamdksha by leaving out k§.ma, which of course could not be admitted by ascetics. ® He is identical with Bimbis&ra of the Buddhists; see my edition of the Kalpa SQtra, introduction, p. 2. * The following verses prove that X’aitya denotes park here as the word is explained by the scholiast in IX, 9. 2* Nandana is Indra's park. LECTURE XX. lOI Adoring his feet and keeping him on his right side (he sat down), neither too far off nor too close by, and asked him with his hands clasped ; (7) * Though a young nobleman, you have entered * the order ; in an age fit for pleasure you exert yourself as a ^SVama^wi, O ascetic ; I want to hear you explain this.’ (8) " I am without a protector, O great king ; there is nobod)^ to protect me, I know no friend nor any one to have sympathy with me.” (9) Then king ^Jr^wika, the ruler of Magadha, laughed : ‘How should there be nobody to protect one so accomplished as you ? ’ (10) ‘ I am the protector of religious men * ; O monk ; enjoy pleasures together wdth your friends and relations; for it is a rare chance to be born as a human being.’ (ii) “ You yourself are without a protector, 3 r^«ika, ruler of Magadha ; and as you are without a pro- tector, how can you protect anybody else ? ” (i 2) When the saint had addressed this unpre- cedented speech to the king, who was greatly moved and astonished, and struck with astonish- ment, (he answered) '■*.* (13) ‘ 1 have horses, elephants, and subjects, a town and a seraglio, power and command : enjoy human pleasures. (14) ‘ In possession of so great means, which permit the owner to enjoy all pleasures, how could he be * BbadantSwara. 3a The verb is wanting in this verse, an^wrg^s ^n-appareu^ tautology in the words as they now stan^T^is is an obvious mark of a corruption in the text, 'vhich A^per,^^-^^ how to remove by a plausible conjecture^! uttarAd hyayan a. without protection ? Reverend sir, you speak untruth.’ (15) "O king, you do not know the meaning and • origin^ of (the word) ‘without protection,’ nor how one comes to be without protection or with pro- tection, O ruler of men. (16) “ Hear, O great king, with an undistracted mind in what way a man can be said to be ‘without pro- tection,’ and with what purpose I have said all this. (17) “ There is a town KamAmbl by name, which is among towns what Indra^ is (among the gods); there lived my father, who -possessed great wealth. (18) “ In my childhood, O great king, I caught a very bad eye-disease and a severe burning fever in all my limbs, O ruler of men. (19) “ My eyes ached as if a cruel enemy thrust a sharp tool in the hollow of my body. (20) “ In the back, the heart ^ and the head, I suffered ^ Potthaw or -^okkhzvi. The commentators are at a loss to give an etymology of this word, or rather have a choice of them to offer, which comes to the same thing, and proves that nothing certain was known. 4If potthd is the correct form, it may be derived from pra+ut-l-sthS, and mean ‘origin;’ if po^/6/;d or pu^i5//d is the right spelling it is prf^AAS, and may mean ‘etymology.’ ® PurS«a purabhSdani. As usual the commentators give a purely etymological explanation. But it is ’ obvious that purabh6dana must have a similar meaning as purandara = India, or purabhid 5iva. The latter word occurs in later literature only, and, besides, ^va does not yet seem to have been generally acknowledged as the supreme god, when and where the G^ina Sdtras were composed. The Vedic word pdrbhid, ‘destroyer of castles,’ also presents itself as an analogy; though it is not yet the exclusive epithet of a god, it is frequently applied to Indra. ® To render antari^^i^a or antarittha. The Guzeraty translation renders it hrrdaya. LECTUIVE XX. dreadful and very keen pains equal to a stroke of lightning. {21) “ Then the best physicians came to my help, who cure by their medical art and by spells, who were versed in their science, and well knew spells and roots. (22) “ They tried to cure me according to the fourfold science ^ which they had been taught ; but they could not rid me of my pains : hence I say that I am without protection. {23) “ My father would have spent all he possessed, for my sake; but he could not rid me of my pains, hence I say that I am without protection. 5(24) “My mother, O great king, was agonized with grief about her son ; but she could not, &c. (25) “ O great king, my own brothers, the elder and younger ones, could not rid me of my pains, &c. (26) “ O great king, my own sisters, the elder and younger ones, could not, &c. {27) “O great king, my loving and faithful wife ■ moistened my breast with the tears of her eyes. (28) •« Xhe poor lady did not eat, nor drink, nor bathe, nor use perfumes, wreaths, and anointment, with my knowledge or without it. (29) “ O great king, she did not leave^ my side even for a moment; but she could not rid me of my pains, hence I say that I am without protection. (30) “ Then I said ; It is very hard to bear pains again and again in the end less Circle of Births, (ji) ‘ A'auppdya^/^aluApada. Four branches of medical science are Hfima^andra’sPraicr/t Grammar, iv, 177. “ If I, for once, shall get rid of these great pains, I shall become a houseless monk, calm, restrained, and ceasing to act (32) “While I thought so, I fell asleep, O ruler of men ; and after that night my pains had vanished. (33) “ Then in the morning of the next day I took leave of my relations and became a houseless monk, calm, restrained, and ceasing to act. (34) “ Thus I became the protector of myself and of others besides, of all living beings, whether they move or not. 6(35) “ My own Self is the river V aitara^^i, my own Self the 6’dlmali tree ' ; m3’ own Self is the miraculous cow Kimaduh. m}^ own Self the park Nandana. (36) “ M\' own Self is the doer and undoer of misery and happiness ; my own Self, friend and foe, accord- ing as I act well or badl3^ ( 37 ) •* But there is still another want of protection, O king ; hear, therefore, O king, attentivel}^ with concentrated thoughts, how some easil)^ discouraged men go astra}’’ after having adopted the Law of the Nirgranthas 2. (38) “ If an ordained monk, through carelessness, does not strictl}'^ keep the great vows, if he does not restrain himself, but desires pleasure, then his fetters will not be completely cut off. (39) “ One who does not pa}^ constant attention to his walking, his speaking, his begging, his receiving and keeping (of things necessar}' for a monk), and his * See above, p. 94. ® The verses 38-53 are apparently a later addition because (i) the subject treated in them is not connected with that of the foregoing part, and (2) they are composed in a different metre. LECTURE XX. easing nature does not follow the road trod by the Lord. (40) “ One who for a long time wears a shaven crown and mortifies himself, but who is careless with regard to the vows, and neglects penance and self-control, will not be a winner in the battle (of life). 7(41) “ He is empty like a clenched® fist, (of no value) like an uncoined ® false Kdrshipa»a or like a piece of glass resembling turquoise, he is held lightly by men of discernment (42) “He who has the character of a sinner, though he lays great stress on the outward signs of his calling* as a means of living ; he who does not control himself, though he pretends to do so ; will come to grief for a long time. (43) “ As the poison KdlakOi^a kills him who drinks it ; as a weapon cuts him who awkwardly handles it ; as aV^tSla kills him who does not lay him ; so the Law harms him who mixes it up with sensuality. (44) “He who practises divination from bodily marks and dreams, who is well versed in augury and superstitious rites, who gains a sinful living by practising magic tricks ®, will have no refuge at the time (of retribution). (45) “ The sinner, always wretched, goes from darkness ^ These are the five SamiUs, see above, p. 50. ® FoIIfi or pullfi, explained anta^-sushira ‘hollow in the middle.’ * Ayantita = ayantrita. My translation is but conjectural. Perhaps the regular coins are not meant, but stamped lumps of metal, which were current long before coins were introduced. * Literally, ‘the flag of the seers;’ the broom &c. are meant. * Kuh6<favij'gfi. I06 UTTARADIIYAYANA. to darkness, to utter misery ; 8the unholy man who breaks the rules of monks, rushes, as it were, to hell, and to be born again as a brute. (46) “ He who accepts forbidden alms, viz. such food as he himself asks for, as has been bought for his sake, or as* he gets regularly (as by right and custom), who like fire devours everything, will go to hell from here, after having sinned. (47) “ A cut-throat enemy will not do him such harm as his own perversity will do him; the man without pity will feel repentance in the hour of death. (48) “In vain he adopts nakedness, who errs about matters of paramount interest; neither this world nor the next will be his; he is a loser in both respects in the world. (49) “ Thus the self-willed sinner who leaves the road of the highest (Spinas, who with the appetite of an osprey is desirous of pleasure, will grieve in useless sorrow. (50) “ A wise man who hears this discourse, an instruction full of precious wisdom, and who deserts every path of the wicked, should walk the road of the great Nirgranthas. (51) “He who possesses virtuous conduct and life, who has practised the best self-control, who keeps from sinful influences^, and who has destroyed his Karman, will reach (in the end) the greatest, best, and permanent place (viz. 9mukti).” (52) Thus the austere and calm, great ascetic and great sage who kept great vows and possessed great fame, preached at great length this great sermon: the great duty of the Nirgranthas. (53) ^ Nirasava = nirasrava. For the Ssravas, see p. 55, note I. LECTURE XX. And king 6r^7nka, pleased, spoke thus: ‘You have truly shown what it is to be without pro- tection. (54) ‘You have made the best use of human birth, you have made a true gain, O great sage, you are a protector (of mankind at large) and of your relations, for you have entered the path of the best CPinas. (55) ‘You are the protector of all unprotected beings, O ascetic ; I ask you to forgive me ; I desire you to put me right. (56) ‘That by asking you I have disturbed your meditation, and that I invited you to enjoy pleasures, all this you must forgive me.’ (57) When the lion of kings had thus, with the greatest devotion, praised the lion of houseless monks, he, together with his wives, servants, and relations, became a staunch believer in the Law, with a pure mind. (58) The ruler of men, with the hair on his body joyfully erected, bowed his head (to tlie monk), keeping him on his right side, and departed. {59) And the other, rich in virtues, protected by the three Guptis, and abstaining from injuring (living beings) in the three ways (viz. 10by thought, words, and acts), travelled about on the earth, free like a bird, and exempt from delusion. (60) Thus I say. io8 uttarAdhvayana. ‹Previous chapterUttaradhyayana Sutra 19Next chapterUttaradhyayana Sutra 21›Similar passagesBy tradition and source labelFind similarCompare selectedCompare with similarAsk Deep ThoughtSelect passages to search for parallels.Tap any verse to select it, then compare selected passages or ask Deep Thought. Public-domain 1895 English translation