Jaina Sutras Part IIJainismAccepted ScripturePrakritShareUttaradhyayana Sutra 26Hermann Jacobi / SBE vol. 45 - EnglishMoreVersion - 1 availableHermann Jacobi / SBE vol. 45LanguageEnglishEspañol‹Uttaradhyayana Sutra 1Uttaradhyayana Sutra 2Uttaradhyayana Sutra 3Uttaradhyayana Sutra 4Uttaradhyayana Sutra 5Uttaradhyayana Sutra 6Uttaradhyayana Sutra 7Uttaradhyayana Sutra 8Uttaradhyayana Sutra 9Uttaradhyayana Sutra 10Uttaradhyayana Sutra 11Uttaradhyayana Sutra 12Uttaradhyayana Sutra 13Uttaradhyayana Sutra 14Uttaradhyayana Sutra 15Uttaradhyayana Sutra 16Uttaradhyayana Sutra 17Uttaradhyayana Sutra 18Uttaradhyayana Sutra 19Uttaradhyayana Sutra 20Uttaradhyayana Sutra 21Uttaradhyayana Sutra 22Uttaradhyayana Sutra 23Uttaradhyayana Sutra 24Uttaradhyayana Sutra 25Uttaradhyayana Sutra 26Uttaradhyayana Sutra 27Uttaradhyayana Sutra 28Uttaradhyayana Sutra 29Uttaradhyayana Sutra 30Uttaradhyayana Sutra 31Uttaradhyayana Sutra 32Uttaradhyayana Sutra 33Uttaradhyayana Sutra 34Uttaradhyayana Sutra 35Uttaradhyayana Sutra 36Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.1Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.2Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.3Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.4Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.5Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.6Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.7Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.8Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.9Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.10Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.11Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.12Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.13Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.14Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.15Sutrakritanga Sutra, First Book 1.16Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.1Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.2Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.3Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.4Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.5Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.6Sutrakritanga Sutra, Second Book 2.7›Uttaradhyayana Sutra: Twenty-Sixth Lecture - The Correct BehaviourUttaradhyayana Sutra 26ListenPlay this chapter in spoken English.Save chapterListen to chapter1TWENTY-SIXTH LECTURE. THE CORRECT BEHAVIOUR. I shall declare the correct behaviour (sim^i^^ri) which causes freedom from all misery; by prac- tising it the Nirgrantlias have crossed the ocean of Sa«2s^ra. (i) The correct behaviour of monks consists of (the following) ten parts: i.dva^yik^; 2. naish6dhiki ; 3. k^rikkh^x).k\ 4. pratip7'e/$/^^anA; 5. ^> 4 an- danA; 6.\kkh^kx2.\ 7. mithyikira; 8. tathd- kdra; 9. abh3mtthana ; 10. upasampad. (2-4) The ava^yikcL is required when he leaves a room (or the presence of other monks on some necessary business); the naish^dhikl, on entering a place; &prf/^/&Aan&, (or asking the superior’s permission) for what he is to do himself; pratipW/^/f'^and, for what somebody else is to do ; /^ 4 andani, (or placing at the disposal of other monks) the things one has got; i^^^iklLra, in the execution (of one’s inten- tion by oneself or somebody else) ; mithy&kira, in the blaming oneself (for sins committed) ; tathikdra, (assent) in making a promise; abhyutthina, in serving those who deserve respect; and upasampad, in placing oneself under another teacher. Thus the twice fivefold behaviour has been declared. (5-7) After sunrise during the first quarter (of the first Paurushi) ^ he should inspect (and clean) his things and pay his respects to the superior. (8) Then, with his hands joined, he should ask him : 2^ The southern half of the slcy or horizon, between east and west, is divided into four quarters, each of which corresponds in time to a paurushi, the fourth part of a day or a night. LECTURE XXVI. ‘ What shall I do now ? I want to be employed, sir, in doing some work or in studying.’ (9) If he is ordered to do some work, he should do it without tiring; if he is ordered to study, he should do it without allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (10) A clever monk should divide the day into four (equal) parts (called paurushi), and fulfil his duties (uttaraguwa) in all four parts, (ii) In the first Paurushi he should study, in the Second he should meditate, in the third he should go on his begging-tour, and in the fourth he should study again. (12) In the month Ashda^a the Paurushi (of the night) contains two feet (pada) * ; in the month Pausha,„ four ; in the months iTaitra and A^vayu^a, three. (13) (The Paurushi) increases or decreases a digit® (angula) every week, two digits every fortnight, four digits every month. (14) The dark fortnight of Ashd<f/ 5 a, BhSdrapada, KSrttika, Pausha, Phtlguna, and Vai^&kha are known as avamarfitrSs®. (15) ^ A paurushi is the fourth part of a day or a night ; about the time of the equinoxes, wl,en the day as ^vcll as the night contains twelve hours, the paurushi contains three hours. 3At the sarae lime, in the monUis JTaitra and Arvina, as we learn from our verse, the paurushi has three feet, padas. The pada is equal to one hour exactly. The duration of the night a he summer solstice was therefore estimated at eight hours and at winter solstice at sixteen, just as m the Vedic ^ foot * A digit, angula, is apparently the P" ’ nada s= one hour. The digit is therefore equal to five minutes. » The fortnights, mendoned in the °“the days only, the remaining ones of fifteen daj . lunar year is made to consist of 354 days. In the quarter of the year comprising the three months (?y6sh///^mfila, Ash^aS^a, and i5r^va«a, the (morning-) inspection is to last six digits (beyond i Paunishi) ; in the second quarter, eight ; in the third, ten; in the fourth, eight ^ (i6) A clever monk should divide the night too into four parts, and fulfil his duties (uttaragu^^a) in all four parts, (i 7) In the first Paunishi he should study, in the second he should meditate, in the third he should leave off sleep, and in the fourth he should study again. (18) When the nakshatra which leads the night ^ has reached the first quarter of the heaven, at dawn -he should cease to study. (19) When a small part of the quarter is left 3 , in which the (leading) nakshatra stands, during that space of time, being considered intermediate^ (be- tween two) days, a monk should watch. 4(20) In the first quarter (of the first Paurushi) he should inspect (and clean) his things, pay his respects to his superior, and then begin to study, not allowing himself to be affected by any pains'^. (21) ' Or thirty, forty, fifty, forty minutes respectively. * I. e. the nakshatra which is in opposition to the sun, and accordingly rises at the same time with the setting sun, and sets with the rising sun, compare Ramfiya»a III, 16, 12. * I. e. is about to set. ■* V6rattiya, translated vairStrika; but there is no such word in Sanskrit. It apparently stands for dvairatrika, belonging to tvs’o days. As the Hindus reckon the day from sunrise, the lime immediately preceding it may be considered to belong to two days. ® Compare verse 8. LECTURE XXVI. H5 In the (last) quarter of the first Paurushl, after paying his respect to the Guru, a monk should inspect his almsbowl, without, however, performing the Kfila-pratikrama;/a ^ (22) He should first inspect his mouth-cloth®, then his broom®, and taking the broom in his hand he should inspect his cloth. (23) Standing upright he holds his cloth firmly and inspects it first leisurely, tlien he spreads it, and at last he wipes it. (24) (He should spread the cloth) without shaking or crushing it, in such a way as to make the folds disappear, and to avoid friction of its parts against each other ; 5he should fold it up six times in length, and nine times in breadth, and then he should remove living beings with his hand (spreading the clotli on the palm of his hand)^ (25) He must avoid want of attention ; i. in beginning his work; 2. in taking up the corners of the cloth; 3. in folding it up; 4. in shaking out the dust; 5. in putting it down (on some other piece of clotli); 6. in sitting upon the haunches ®. (26) * I. c. expiation of sins concerning time, cf. Bhandarkars Report, p. 98, note f. It seems to consist in K&y6tsarga. » This is a piece of muslin which the Gaina monks place before their mouth in speaking, in order to prevent insects being dmum in the mouth by the breath. » It is here called g6/i/l’^aga=guA-^Aaka, originally a bunch of peacocks' feathers, it is so still, if I am not mistaken, with the Digambaras, whilst the .S^•8tSmbaras use other materials, especially cotton threads. . * Much in my translation is conjectural. There are technicalitie.s in these verses which I fail to understand clearly, notwithstanding the explanations of the scholiasts. “ VddikS. 6[453 ^ (One must further avoid) to hold the cloth loosely, or at one corner, or so as to let it flap, or so as to subject it to friction, or so as to shake it in different ways, or if one has made a mistake in the number " of foldings (see verse 25) to count (aloud or with the help of the fingers, &a)^ (27) There should be neither too little nor too much of inspection, nor an exchange (of the things to be inspected) ; this is the right way to do (the inspec- tion), all other methods are wrong: — (28) (This is) if one engaged in inspecting his things converses or gossips (with anybody), renounces something*, teaches another his lesson, or receives his own lesson from another, (he neglects his in- spection), (29) He who is careful in the inspection, protects the six kinds of living beings, viz. the earth-bodies, water-bodies, fire-bodies, wind-bodies, plants, and animals. (30) He who is careless in the inspection, injures the six kinds of living beings (just enumerated)®. (31) In the third Paurushi he should beg food and drink, (he may do so) for any of the following six reasons : (32) I am not sure of having hit the true meaning. The com- mentators’ reckon this counting as a fault, while the text itself seems to enjoin it. DSi pa^’^akkhSnaw. 7The meaning is, I bdieve, that during the time of inspection one should not make up one’s mind to abstain from this or that because one is to devote one's whole attention to the inspection of one’s things. Dipika places this verse before the last and construes it ' with verse 29, making out the following meaning : if one, engaged in inspecting his things, converses or gossips, &c., then, being careless in the inspection, he injures, &c. lecture XXVI. I. To prevent an illness; 2. to serve the Guru- 3. to be able to comply with the rules about diking ; 4. to be able to comply with the rules of self-control = ; 5. to save one’s life; 6. to be able to meditate on the Law. (33) A zealous Nirgrantha or Nirgranthi may omit to beg food for the following six reasons, when it will not be considered a transgression of his duties : (34) I. In case of illness; 2. in case of a disaster ; 3. to preserve one’s chastity and the Guptis ; 4. out of compassion for living beings ; 5. in the interest of penance; 6. to make an end of one’s life (35) Taking his whole outfit a monk should inspect it with his eye ; he then may walk about, but not beyond half a Y6^na. (36) In die fourtli Paurush! he should put away his almsbowl (after having eaten his meal), and then begins his study which reveals all existent things. 8(37) In the last quarter of the fourth Paurushl he should pay his reverence to the Guru, and after having performed Kdla-pratikrama«a^, he should inspect his lodging. (38) A zealous monk should also inspect the place where to discharge his excrements and urine, and then (till the sun sets) he should go through Kiy6t- sarga witliout allowing himself to be affected by any pains. (39) ^ Iri3'a/M&6; for one will not be careful about walking (iryft- samitt) if loo hungry- or thirsty. ® For one might cat forbidden food if too hungrj-. ® It may be remarked here that the verses ig, 16, ig, 20, 24, s6, 29, 33, 34, 33 are in the Aiyfi-metre while the rest of the lecture is in ,Sl6ka. * Compare note i, p. 145. uttaradhyayajta. Then he should, in due order, reflect on all trans- gressions he has committed during the day, with regard to knowledge, faith, and conduct. (40) Having finished Ka3^6tsarga, and paid his rever- ence to the Guru, he should, in due order, confess his transgressions committed during the day. (41) Then having recited the Pratikramawa Sfitra^, and having annihilated his sins, he should pay his reverence to the Guru (asking absolution) and go through Kdydtsarga without allowing himself to be affected b^^ any pains. 9(42) Having finished Kaj'^btsarga, and paid .his rever- ence to the Guru, he should pronounce the cus- tomary (three) praises, and then v^ait for the proper time. (43) In the first Paurushl (of the night) he should study; in the second he should meditate; in the third he should leave off sleep; and in the fourth he should study again®. (44) In the fourth Paurushi he should wait for the proper time and then begin to study without waking the householders. {45) In the last quarter of the fourth Paurushi he should pay his reverence to the Guru, and perform- ing Kala-pratikrama«a ^ he should wait for the proper time. (46) When the (time for) Kiydtsarga has arrived, he ^ Paifikamittu == pratikraniya, explained pratikrama»a- sfitram uktva. ® According to the DipikS : having repeated the three GSthis beginning ariyauva^^^aya, ® This verse is the same as verse 18, except a verbal diSTerence in the last line. * Paifikamittu kdlassa, see p. 145, note i. The Dipik£ here explains this phrase by: doing acts proper for that time. LECTURE XXVII. should go through it, without allowing himself to be affected b}*- any pains. (47) Then he should, in due order, reflect on all trans- gressions he has committed during the night with regard to knowledge, faith, and conduct. 10(48) Having finished Kiydtsarga and paid his reverence to the Guru, he should, in due order, confess his transgressions committed during the night. (49) Then having recited the Pratikramawa Sfitra See. (see verse 41). (50) He should consider what kind of austerities he will undertake. Having finished his K^y6tsarga, he pays his reverence to the Guru. (51) Having finished Kay6tsarga and paid his reverence to the Guru, he should practise those austerities which he has decided upon, and praise the per- fected saints. (52) Thus has been summarily declared the correct behaviour, by practising which many souls have crossed the ocean of Sa7;/sdra. (53) Thus I say. ‹Previous chapterUttaradhyayana Sutra 25Next chapterUttaradhyayana Sutra 27›Similar passagesBy tradition and source labelFind similarCompare selectedCompare with similarAsk Deep ThoughtSelect passages to search for parallels.Tap any verse to select it, then compare selected passages or ask Deep Thought. Public-domain 1895 English translation