Poetic EddaNorse MythologyAncient Myth / ComparativeOld NorseSharePoetic Edda 85Bellows - EnglishMoreVersion - 1 availableBellowsLanguageEnglishEspañol‹Poetic Edda 1Poetic Edda 2Poetic Edda 3Poetic Edda 4Poetic Edda 5Poetic Edda 6Poetic Edda 7Poetic Edda 8Poetic Edda 9Poetic Edda 10Poetic Edda 11Poetic Edda 12Poetic Edda 13Poetic Edda 14Poetic Edda 15Poetic Edda 16Poetic Edda 17Poetic Edda 18Poetic Edda 19Poetic Edda 20Poetic Edda 21Poetic Edda 22Poetic Edda 23Poetic Edda 24Poetic Edda 25Poetic Edda 26Poetic Edda 27Poetic Edda 28Poetic Edda 29Poetic Edda 30Poetic Edda 31Poetic Edda 32Poetic Edda 33Poetic Edda 34Poetic Edda 35Poetic Edda 36Poetic Edda 37Poetic Edda 38Poetic Edda 39Poetic Edda 40Poetic Edda 41Poetic Edda 42Poetic Edda 43Poetic Edda 44Poetic Edda 45Poetic Edda 46Poetic Edda 47Poetic Edda 48Poetic Edda 49Poetic Edda 50Poetic Edda 51Poetic Edda 52Poetic Edda 53Poetic Edda 54Poetic Edda 55Poetic Edda 56Poetic Edda 57Poetic Edda 58Poetic Edda 59Poetic Edda 60Poetic Edda 61Poetic Edda 62Poetic Edda 63Poetic Edda 64Poetic Edda 65Poetic Edda 66Poetic Edda 67Poetic Edda 68Poetic Edda 69Poetic Edda 70Poetic Edda 71Poetic Edda 72Poetic Edda 73Poetic Edda 74Poetic Edda 75Poetic Edda 76Poetic Edda 77Poetic Edda 78Poetic Edda 79Poetic Edda 80Poetic Edda 81Poetic Edda 82Poetic Edda 83Poetic Edda 84Poetic Edda 85Poetic Edda 86›Pronouncing Index Of Proper NamesPoetic Edda 85ListenPlay this chapter in spoken English.Save chapterListen to chapter1The pronunciations indicated in the following index are in many cases, at best, mere approximations, and in some cases the pronunciation of the Old Norse is itself more or less conjectural. For the sake of clarity it has seemed advisable to keep the number of phonetic symbols as small as possible, even though the result is occasional failure to distinguish between closely related sounds. In every instance the object has been to provide the reader with a clearly comprehensible and approximately correct pronunciation, for which reason, particularly in such matters as division of syllables, etymology has frequently been disregarded for the sake of phonetic clearness. For example, when a root syllable ends in a long (double) consonant, the division has arbitrarily been made so as to indicate the sounding of both elements (e.g., Am-ma, not Amm-a). 2As many proper names occur in the notes but not in the text, and as frequently the more important incidents connected with the names are outlined in notes which would not be indicated by textual references alone, the page numbers include all appearances of proper names in the notes as well as in the text. 3The following general rules govern the application of the phonetic symbols used in the index, and also indicate the approximate pronunciation of the unmarked vowels and consonants. 4Vowels. The vowels are pronounced approximately as follows: 5a —as in “alone” ā —as in “father” e —as in “men” ē —as a in “fate” i —as in “is” ī —as in “machine” o —as in “on” ō —as in “old” ö —as in German “öffnen” ȫ —as in German “schön” ǭ —as aw in “law” u —as ou in “would” ū —as ou in “wound” y —as i in “is” } Both with a slight ȳ —as ee in “free” } sound of German ü æ —as e in “men” ǣ —as a in “fate” ei —as ey in “they” ey —as in “they” au —as ou in “out” ai —as i in “fine” 6No attempt has been made to differentiate between the short open “o” and the short closed “o,” which for speakers of English closely resemble one another. 7Consonants. The consonants are pronounced approximately as in English, with the following special points to be noted: 8G is always hard, as in “get,” never soft, as in “gem;” following “n” it has the same sound as in “sing.” 9J is pronounced as y in “young.” 10Th following a vowel is soft, as in “with;” at the beginning of a word or following a consonant it is hard, as in “thin.” 11The long (doubled) consonants should be pronounced as in Italian, both elements being distinctly sounded; e.g., “Am-ma.” 12S is always hard, as in “so,” “this,” never soft, as in “as.” 13H enters into combinations with various following consonants; with “v” the sound is approximately that of wh in “what”; with “l,” “r” and “n” it produces sounds which have no exact English equivalents, but which can be approximated by pronouncing the consonants with a marked initial breathing. 14Accents. The accented syllable in each name is indicated by the acute accent (′). In many names, however, and particularly in compounds, there is both a primary and a secondary accent, and where this is the case the primary stress is indicated by a double acute accent (′′) and the secondary one by a single acute accent (′). To avoid possible confusion with the long vowel marks used in Old Norse texts, the accents are placed, not over the vowels, but after the accented syllables. ‹Previous chapterPoetic Edda 84Next chapterPoetic Edda 86›Similar passagesBy tradition and source labelFind similarCompare selectedCompare with similarAsk Deep ThoughtSelect passages to search for parallels.Tap any verse to select it, then compare selected passages or ask Deep Thought. Public domain in the United States via Project Gutenberg